IKHWALITHI YOKULAWULA
Imishini yelabhorethri ebonakalayo neyamakhemikhali: Ukuhlolwa kwemishini, ukuhlolwa kukagesi, ukuhlolwa kwebhodi lokuqala, ukuhlaziywa kwelabhorethri.
Isivivinyo Sokunamathela Se-Copper Foil
1. Isihloli sokuthamba kwe-foil yethusi: Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukukala amandla okuthamba kwe-foil yethusi ngesikhathi senqubo yokwelula. Lisiza ekuhloleni amandla nokuqina kwe-foil yethusi ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokuthembeka.
Umshini Wokuhlola Usawoti Ohlakaniphile Ozenzakalelayo Ngokugcwele
2. Umshini wokuhlola usawoti ohlakaniphile ozenzakalelayo ngokuphelele: Lo mshini ulingisa indawo yokufutha usawoti ukuze uvivinye ukumelana nokugqwala kwamabhodi wesekethe ngemva kokwelashwa kwendawo. Usiza ukulawula ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo futhi uqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile ezindaweni ezinzima.
Umshini Wokuhlola Onezintambo Ezine
3. Umshini wokuhlola onezintambo ezine: Le thuluzi lihlola ukumelana kanye nokuqhuba kwezintambo kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe. Lihlola ukusebenza kukagesi kwebhodi, okuhlanganisa ukusebenza kokudlulisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile nokuzinzile.
Isivivinyo Sokuvinjelwa
4. Umhloli we-Impedance: iyithuluzi elibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe. Isetshenziselwa ukukala inani le-impedance ebhodini lesifunda ngokukhiqiza isignali ye-AC ephindaphindayo edlula kwisekethe evivinywayo. Isekethe yokulinganisa bese ibala inani le-impedance ngokusekelwe emthethweni we-Ohm kanye nezici zesekethe ze-AC. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda elikhiqiziwe lihlangabezana nezidingo ze-impedance ezibekwe yikhasimende.
Abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa le nqubo yokuhlola ukwenza ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo nokuthuthukisa amakhono okulawula ukuvinjelwa kwamabhodi wesekethe. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokudlulisa isignali yedijithali esheshayo kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zemvamisa yomsakazo.
Kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza ibhodi lesifunda, ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance kwenziwa ngezigaba ezahlukene:
1) Isigaba sokuklama: Onjiniyela basebenzisa isofthiwe yokulingisa kagesi ukuklama nokubeka ibhodi lesifunda. Babala futhi balingise amanani e-impedance kusengaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umklamo uhlangabezana nezidingo ezithile. Lokhu kulingisa kusiza ukuhlola i-impedance yebhodi lesifunda ngaphambi kokukhiqiza.
2) Isigaba sokuqala sokukhiqiza: Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwe-prototype, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-impedance liyahambisana nokulindelekile. Ukulungiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza kungenziwa ngokusekelwe kule miphumela.
3) Inqubo yokukhiqiza: Ekukhiqizweni kwamabhodi wesekethe anezingqimba eziningi, ukuhlolwa kwe-impedance kwenziwa kuma-node abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kwamapharamitha afana nobukhulu be-copper foil, ubukhulu bezinto ze-dielectric, kanye nobubanzi bomugqa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi inani lokugcina le-impedance lihlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo.
4) Ukuhlolwa komkhiqizo okuqediwe: Ngemva kokukhiqiza, kwenziwa ukuhlolwa kokugcina kwe-impedance ebhodini lesifunda. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izilawuli kanye nokulungiswa okwenziwe kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza kuhlangabezana ngempumelelo nezidingo zomklamo wenani le-impedance.
Umshini Wokuhlola Ongamelani Nokumelana Okuphansi
5. Umshini wokuhlola omelana kancane: Lo mshini uhlola ukumelana kwezintambo kanye namaphoyinti okuxhumana ebhodini lesifunda ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo futhi ziqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle.
Isivivinyo Sokuhlola Ukundiza
6. Umhloli we-Flying Probe: Umhloli we-Flying Probe usetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlola amanani okushisa kanye nokuqhuba kwe-insulation yamabhodi wesekethe. Ungaqapha inqubo yokuhlola futhi uthole amaphuzu amaphutha ngesikhathi sangempela, uqinisekise ukuhlolwa okunembile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Flying Probe kufanelekile ekuhlolweni kwebhodi lesekethe elincane neliphakathi, njengoba kususa isidingo se-fixture yokuhlola, kunciphisa isikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nezindleko.
7. Umhloli wamathuluzi okulungisa: Njengokuhlola i-flying probe, ukuhlolwa kwe-test rack kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwebhodi lesekethe eliphakathi nelikhulu. Kwenza kube nokuhlolwa ngasikhathi sinye kwamaphuzu amaningi okuhlola, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokuhlola nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuhlola. Lokhu kuthuthukisa umkhiqizo jikelele womugqa wokukhiqiza, ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kunembile futhi kungasetshenziswa kabusha kakhulu.
Isivivinyo Sokusebenzisa Amathuluzi Okwenziwa Ngesandla
Isivivinyo Sokufaka Amathuluzi Okuzenzakalelayo
Isitolo Sezinto Zokusebenza Ezihlanganisiwe
Ithuluzi Lokulinganisa Elinezinhlangothi Ezimbili
8. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa elinobukhulu obubili: Leli thuluzi lithwebula izithombe zobuso bento ngokukhanya nokuthwebula izithombe. Libe selicubungula izithombe bese lihlaziya idatha ukuze lithole ulwazi lwejometri mayelana nento. Imiphumela iboniswa ngokubonakalayo, okuvumela opharetha ukuthi babone futhi balinganise ngokunembile ukuma, usayizi, indawo, kanye nezinye izici zento.
Ithuluzi Lokulinganisa Ububanzi Bomugqa
9. Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ububanzi bomugqa: Ithuluzi lokulinganisa ububanzi bomugqa lisetshenziswa kakhulu ukukala ububanzi obuphezulu nobaphansi, indawo, i-engeli, ububanzi bendilinga, ibanga eliphakathi kwendilinga, kanye neminye imingcele yemikhiqizo yebhodi lesifunda eliphrintiwe eqediwe ngemva kokuthuthukiswa nokuqoshwa (ngaphambi kokuphrinta i-inki yemaski yesolder). Isebenzisa umthombo wokukhanya ukukhanyisa ibhodi lesifunda futhi ibamba isignali yesithombe ngokusebenzisa i-optical amplification kanye nokuguqulwa kwesignali ye-CCD photoelectric. Imiphumela yokulinganisa ibese iboniswa ku-interface yekhompyutha, okuvumela ukulinganisa okunembile nokuphumelelayo ngokuchofoza esithombeni.
10. Isithando somlilo se-tin: Isithando somlilo se-tin sisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukushiswa kwe-solder kanye nokumelana nokushisa kwamabhodi wesekethe, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwamajoyinti e-solder.
Ukuhlolwa kokuthengiseka: Lokhu kuhlola ikhono lobuso bebhodi lesifunda lokwakha izibopho ze-solder ezithembekile. Kulinganisa amaphuzu okuxhumana ukuze kuhlolwe ukubopha phakathi kwezinto ze-solder kanye nobuso bebhodi lesifunda.
Ukuhlolwa kokumelana nokushaqeka kokushisa: Lokhu kuhlolwa kuhlola ukumelana kwebhodi lesifunda ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Kuhilela ukuveza ibhodi lesifunda emazingeni okushisa aphezulu bese ulidlulisela ngokushesha emazingeni okushisa aphansi ukuze kuhlolwe ukumelana kwalo nokushaqeka kokushisa.
Umshini Wokuhlola i-X-Ray
11. Umshini Wokuhlola i-X-Ray: Umshini wokuhlola i-X-ray uyakwazi ukungena emabhodini wesekethe ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuwahlukanisa noma ukubangela umonakalo, ngaleyo ndlela ugweme izindleko kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona. Ungabona amaphutha ebhodini lesekethe, kufaka phakathi imigodi yamabhamuza, amasekethe avulekile, amasekethe amafushane, kanye nemigqa enephutha. Imishini isebenza ngokuzimela, ilayisha futhi ikhiphe izinto ngokuzenzakalelayo, ithole, ihlaziye, futhi inqume ukukhubazeka, futhi imaka futhi ilebheli ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.
Isilinganiso Sobukhulu Bokumboza
12. Isilinganiso sobukhulu bokumboza: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza amabhodi wesekethe, ukumboza okuhlukahlukene (njengokumboza ngethini, ukumboza ngegolide, njll.) kuvame ukusetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kodwa-ke, ukujiya okungafanele kokubopha kungaholela ezinkingeni zokusebenza. Isilinganiso sobukhulu bokumboza sisetshenziselwa ukukala ukujiya kokubopha ebusweni bebhodi yesekethe, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuhlangabezana nezidingo zomklamo.
Ithuluzi le-ROHS
13. Ithuluzi le-ROHS: Ekukhiqizweni kwamabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe, amathuluzi e-ROHS asetshenziswa ukuthola nokuhlaziya izinto eziyingozi ezintweni, ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zesiqondiso se-ROHS. Isiqondiso se-ROHS, esiqaliswe yi-European Union, sivimbela izinto eziyingozi emishinini kagesi neyegesi, okuhlanganisa i-lead, i-mercury, i-cadmium, i-hexavalent chromium, nezinye. Amathuluzi e-ROHS asetshenziselwa ukukala okuqukethwe kwalezi zinto eziyingozi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinto ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zesiqondiso se-ROHS, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.
14. I-Metallographic microscope: I-metallographic microscope isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola ubukhulu bethusi bezendlalelo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, izindawo ezimbozwe ngogesi, imigodi embozwe ngogesi, imaski yokubopha, ukwelashwa kwendawo, kanye nobukhulu bezendlalelo ngayinye ye-dielectric ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamakhasimende.
Isitolo Sezingxenye Ezincane
Isigaba 1 se-Microscopic
Isigaba 2 se-Microscopic
Isivivinyo Sethusi Esingaphezulu Sembobo
15. Umhloli wethusi ongaphezulu kwembobo: Leli thuluzi lisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukujiya kanye nokufana kwe-foil yethusi emigodini yamabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe. Ngokubona ngokushesha ukujiya kwe-copper plating okungalingani noma ukuphambuka kusuka kumabanga acacisiwe, kungenziwa ukulungiswa enkambisweni yokukhiqiza ngesikhathi esifanele.
Iskena se-AOI
16. I-AOI Scanner, efushaniswa ne-Automated Optical Inspection, uhlobo lwemishini esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-optical ukuhlonza ngokuzenzakalelayo izingxenye noma imikhiqizo ye-elekthronikhi. Ukusebenza kwayo kuhilela ukuthwebula isithombe sobuso bento ehlolwayo kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwekhamera olunekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngemva kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bokucubungula isithombe sekhompyutha busetshenziswa ukuhlaziya nokuqhathanisa isithombe, okwenza kube lula ukuthola amaphutha obuso kanye nezinkinga zomonakalo entweni eqondiwe.
17. Umshini wokuhlola ukubukeka kwe-PCB uyithuluzi elenzelwe ukuhlola ikhwalithi yokubonakala kwamabhodi wesekethe nokubona amaphutha okukhiqiza. Lo mshini unekhamera enesisombululo esiphezulu kanye nomthombo wokukhanya ukuze kuhlolwe ngokuphelele ubuso be-PCB, kutholakale amaphutha ahlukahlukene njengokuklwebheka, ukugqwala, ukungcola, kanye nezinkinga zokushisela. Ngokuvamile, kufaka phakathi izinhlelo zokudla nokulayisha ngokuzenzakalelayo zokuphatha ama-PCB amakhulu kanye nokuhlukanisa amabhodi avunyelwe nalaliwe. Ngokusebenzisa ama-algorithms okucubungula izithombe, amaphutha atholakele ayahlukaniswa futhi amakwe, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa noma ukususa okulula nokunembile. Ngenxa yamakhono okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokucubungula izithombe athuthukile, le mishini yenza ukuhlolwa ngokushesha, iqinise umkhiqizo futhi inciphise izindleko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingagcina imiphumela yokuhlola futhi ikhiqize imibiko enemininingwane yokuqapha ikhwalithi kanye nokuthuthukisa inqubo, ekugcineni iphakamise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.
Umshini Wokuhlola Ukubukeka 1
Umshini Wokuhlola Ukubukeka 2
Amaphutha Okuhlola Ukubukeka Amakiwe
Isivivinyo Sokungcoliswa Kwe-PCB
18. Isihloli sokungcola kwama-ion e-PCB siyithuluzi elikhethekile elisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza ukungcola kwama-ion kumabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe (ama-PCB). Ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza ama-elekthronikhi, ukuba khona kwama-ion ebusweni be-PCB noma ngaphakathi kwebhodi kungathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kwesekethe kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa okunembile kwamazinga okungcola kwama-ion kuma-PCB kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokuthembeka kwezimpahla ze-elekthronikhi.
Umshini Wokuhlola Ukufakwa Kwe-Voltage
19. Umshini wokuhlola ukuvala i-insulation voltage usetshenziswa ukwenza izivivinyo zokuvala i-insulation ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zokuvala i-insulation kanye nokwakheka kwebhodi lesifunda kunamathela ezimisweni ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ibhodi lesifunda lihlala livaliwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, kuvinjelwe ukwehluleka kokuvala i-insulation okungase kuholele ezigamekweni eziyingozi. Ngokuhlaziya imiphumela yokuhlolwa, noma yiziphi izinkinga eziyisisekelo ngebhodi lesifunda zingatholakala ngokushesha, kuqondiswe abaklami ekuthuthukiseni ukwakheka kwebhodi kanye nesakhiwo sokuvala i-insulation ukuze kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi nokusebenza kwayo.
I-UV Spectrophotometer
20. I-UV spectrophotometer: I-UV spectrophotometer isetshenziselwa ukukala izici zokumuncwa kokukhanya kwezinto ezizwela ukukhanya ezisetshenziswa kumabhodi wesekethe. Lezi zinto, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni amabhodi wesekethe aphrintiwe, zinesibopho sokudala amaphethini nemigqa emabhodini.
Imisebenzi ye-UV spectrophotometer ihlanganisa:
1) Ukulinganiswa kwezimpawu zokumuncwa kokukhanya kwe-photoresist: Ngokuhlaziya izici zokumuncwa kwe-photoresist ebangeni le-ultraviolet spectrum, izinga lokumuncwa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet linganqunywa. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekulungiseni ukwakheka kanye nobukhulu bokumboza kwe-photoresist ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo kanye nokuqina kwayo ngesikhathi se-photolithography.
2) Ukunqunywa kwamapharamitha okuvezwa yi-photolithography: Ngokuhlaziya izici zokumuncwa kokukhanya kwe-photoresist, amapharamitha okuvezwa yi-photolithography afanele, njengesikhathi sokuvezwa kanye nobukhulu bokukhanya, anganqunywa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuphindaphindwa okunembile kwamaphethini nemigqa ku-photoresist kusuka ebhodini lesifunda.
Imitha ye-pH
21. Imitha ye-pH: Enqubweni yokukhiqiza amabhodi wesekethe, ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali njengokuhlanza i-pickling kanye ne-alkali kuvame ukusetshenziswa. Imitha ye-pH isetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani le-pH lesisombululo sokwelapha lihlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza, kanye nokuzinza kokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokuthembeka ngenkathi kuqinisekiswa indawo yokukhiqiza ephephile.
